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The National Centre for High-Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing has represented a major opportunity to advance the computational and data-intensive capabilities of Italian astrophysics. Within this framework, Spoke 3 on Astrophysics and Cosmos Observations has delivered an integrated programme of activities across HPC code enabling and GPU acceleration, advanced algorithms for exascale-oriented applications, machine learning and Bayesian methods for large astrophysical datasets, remote visualization, and FAIR-compliant data management and archive services. These activities have produced not only optimized codes, innovative workflows, and interoperable infrastructures, but also a broader ecosystem connecting software development, data services, scientific applications, and community expertise.
An important outcome of this experience is the demonstration that astrophysics can serve as an extreme and fertile laboratory for the development of advanced digital technologies with impact beyond the scientific domain. This has already been shown by several innovation and cascade-funding projects, where methodologies originally developed for astrophysical challenges were successfully extended to applications such as environmental monitoring, seismic risk assessment, financial analytics, and interoperable data platforms.
Starting from these results, we are proposing a long-term framework to consolidate and extend this trajectory: a Deep Tech Living Lab (DT-Lab). The Lab is conceived to integrate HPC, artificial intelligence, EOSC-aligned FAIR data infrastructures, advanced visualization, and exploratory quantum computing in a co-design environment involving research institutions, industry, and public stakeholders. Its goal will be to transform the extreme requirements of next-generation astrophysical infrastructures and missions, including SKA, CTA, Euclid, LSST, and LISA, into drivers for technological innovation, technology transfer, and high-level training.